01GUESSED
Boundaries drawn by whatever got the demo working
When module structure is an accident of the first sprint, every later feature inherits it. Two years on, that 'temporary' coupling is why a two-day change takes two months, and why the v2 rewrite conversation has started.
02HYPE
Microservices before there is a service to split
A team of six running forty services pays the full distributed-systems tax, network failures, tracing, deploy orchestration, without a single distributed-scale problem to show for it. Architecture chosen from conference talks instead of constraints burns runway.
03SCHEMA
A data model dictated by ORM defaults
Schemas that mirror this sprint's forms can't answer next year's questions. Multi-tenancy bolted on late, IDs that leak, no retention design, the database is the one layer where mistakes compound quietly and migrations get scarier every quarter.
04TRIBAL
Decisions that live in one engineer’s head
No written trade-offs means every choice gets re-litigated in sprint twelve, and when that engineer leaves, every "why is it built this way?" becomes archaeology. Undocumented architecture is a key-person risk your investors never priced in.